Physics-Informed Real-Time Digital Twin • Ing. Juan José Álvarez Morales
High-resolution time-course telemetry, yield calculations, stoichiometric verification, and respirometry.
| Parameter | Symbol | Batch Value | Unit | Benchmark Range | Status |
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| Time (h) | Biomass (g/L) | Substrate (g/L) | Nitrogen (g/L) | DO (%) | Product (g/L) | μ (h⁻¹) | kLa (h⁻¹) | OUR (mmol/L/h) | Temp (°C) | pH | Purity (%) |
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